NAME OF THE ORGANISM: Neofabraea malicorticis (PEZIMA)

Not candidate

The disease is mostly reported from pome fruits, where it is one of the species involved in bull’s eye rot (post-harvest disease) (e.g. Cameldi et al., 2016). It is polyphagous on Rosaceae, important hosts are Malus sp. and Pyrus sp. (Ellis, 2001-2024). The Neofabraea complex includes Malus spp., quince (Cydonia oblonga), flowering quince (Chaenomeles japonica), peach (Prunus persica), serviceberry (Amelanchier pallida), apricot (P. armeniaca), plum (Prunus spp.), cherry (P. avium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and mountain ash (Sorbus spp.) (Creemers, 2014; Kienholz, 1939; Verkley, 1999). The occurrence of N. malicorticis is associated with the disease symptoms on the west coast of the USA and Canada, and occasionally in Europe: Denmark, the Netherlands and Portugal (Verkley, 1999; cited in Köhl et al., 2018).
N. malicorticis causes anthracnose canker on apple trees and is found principally in more humid areas. It is an aggressive pathogen able to infect sound wood directly. The fungus survives as mycelium and conidia in branch cankers. Neofabraea species have also been reported to overwinter in mummified fruits, or in/on pruned wood, leaf litter, and on grass around the orchard (Köhl et al. 2018). New cankers appear in the autumn and reach full size in the spring. Acervuli first appear during late summer and autumn, about a year after infection. The cankers do not expand after the first year, but the anthracnose fungus can sporulate on dead bark for several years. Sporulation takes place during cool, moist weather. Conidia are exuded in a gelatinous matrix and dispersed by rain splashing. The sexual stage of the fungus is insignificant in the epidemiology of the disease (Creemers, 2017).
Sanitation is extremely important when trying to control apple anthracnose canker. All cankers should be pruned out and removed during winter pruning. Any new cankers that develop on limbs and trunks should also be pruned out as soon as they are discovered and removed from the orchard. Developing cankers often girdle 1-year-old wood. Therefore, any shoots that wilt or die suddenly should be removed as soon as they appear. Nursery trees should be examined carefully for symptoms of the disease at planting and again the following spring. Trees with cankers should be discarded (Creemers, 2017).
[In responses to the questionnaire, NL commented that the pest is 'airborne and widespread in nature'.]
The fruit SEWG considered that the pest was widespread in/around orchards and that plants for planting should not be considered as a significant pathway compared to natural spread.

Not candidate

The disease is mostly reported from pome fruits, where it is one of the species involved in bull’s eye rot (post-harvest disease) (e.g. Cameldi et al., 2016). It is polyphagous on Rosaceae, important hosts are Malus sp. and Pyrus sp. (Ellis, 2001-2024). The Neofabraea complex includes Malus spp., quince (Cydonia oblonga), pear (Pyrus spp.), flowering quince (Chaenomeles japonica), peach (Prunus persica), serviceberry (Amelanchier pallida), apricot (P. armeniaca), plum (Prunus spp.), cherry (P. avium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and mountain ash (Sorbus spp.) (Creemers, 2014; Gariepy et al., 2005; Kienholz, 1939; Verkley, 1999). The occurrence of N. malicorticis is associated with the disease symptoms on the west coast of the USA and Canada, and occasionally in Europe: Denmark, the Netherlands, Portugal and Italy (Verkley, 1999; cited in Köhl et al., 2018, Cameldi et al., 2016).
The occurrence of N. malicorticis is associated with anthracnose canker and bull’s eye rot on the west coast of the USA and Canada, and occasionally in Europe: Denmark, the Netherlands, Portugal and Italy (Verkley, 1999, cited in Köhl et al., 2018; Cameldi et al., 2016).
N. malicorticis causes anthracnose canker on apple trees and is found principally in more humid areas. It is an aggressive pathogen able to infect sound wood directly. The fungus survives as mycelium and conidia in branch cankers. Neofabraea species have also been reported to overwinter in mummified fruits, or in/on pruned wood, leaf litter, and on grass around the orchard (Köhl et al. 2018). New cankers appear in the autumn and reach full size in the spring. Acervuli first appear during late summer and autumn, about a year after infection. The cankers do not expand after the first year, but the anthracnose fungus can sporulate on dead bark for several years. Sporulation takes place during cool, moist weather. Conidia are exuded in a gelatinous matrix and dispersed by rain splashing. The sexual stage of the fungus is insignificant in the epidemiology of the disease (Creemers, 2017).
Sanitation is extremely important when trying to control apple anthracnose canker and perennial canker. All cankers should be pruned out and removed during winter pruning. Any new cankers that develop on limbs and trunks should also be pruned out as soon as they are discovered and removed from the orchard. Developing cankers often girdle 1-year-old wood. Therefore, any shoots that wilt or die suddenly should be removed as soon as they appear. Nursery trees should be examined carefully for symptoms of the disease at planting and again the following spring. Trees with cankers should be discarded (Creemers, 2017).
[In responses to the questionnaire, NL commented that the pest is 'airborne and widespread in nature'.]
The fruit SEWG considered that the pest was widespread in/around orchards and that plants for planting should not be considered as a significant pathway compared to natural spread.

Not candidate

The disease is mostly reported from pome fruits, where it is one of the species involved in bull’s eye rot (post-harvest disease) (e.g. Cameldi et al., 2016). It is polyphagous on Rosaceae, important hosts are Malus sp. and Pyrus sp. (Ellis, 2001-2024). The Neofabraea complex include Malus spp., quince (Cydonia oblonga), pear (Pyrus spp.), flowering quince (Chaenomeles japonica), peach (Prunus persica), serviceberry (Amelanchier pallida), apricot (P. armeniaca), plum (Prunus spp.), cherry (P. avium L.), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and mountain ash (Sorbus spp.) (Creemers, 2014; Gariepy et al., 2005; Kienholz, 1939; Verkley, 1999). The occurrence of N. malicorticis is associated with the disease symptoms on the west coast of the USA and Canada, and occasionally in Europe: Denmark, the Netherlands, Portugal and Italy (Verkley, 1999; cited in Köhl et al., 2018, Cameldi et al., 2016).
The occurrence of N. malicorticis is associated with anthracnose canker and bull’s eye rot on the west coast of the USA and Canada, and occasionally in Europe: Denmark, the Netherlands, Portugal and Italy (Verkley, 1999, cited in Köhl et al., 2018; Cameldi et al., 2016).
N. malicorticis causes anthracnose canker on apple trees and is found principally in more humid areas. It is an aggressive pathogen able to infect sound wood directly. The fungus survives as mycelium and conidia in branch cankers. Neofabraea species have also been reported to overwinter in mummified fruits, or in/on pruned wood, leaf litter, and on grass around the orchard (Köhl et al. 2018). New cankers appear in the autumn and reach full size in the spring. Acervuli first appear during late summer and autumn, about a year after infection. The cankers do not expand after the first year, but the anthracnose fungus can sporulate on dead bark for several years. Sporulation takes place during cool, moist weather. Conidia are exuded in a gelatinous matrix and dispersed by rain splashing. The sexual stage of the fungus is insignificant in the epidemiology of the disease (Creemers, 2017).
Sanitation is extremely important when trying to control apple anthracnose canker and perennial canker. All cankers should be pruned out and removed during winter pruning. Any new cankers that develop on limbs and trunks should also be pruned out as soon as they are discovered and removed from the orchard. Developing cankers often girdle 1-year-old wood. Therefore, any shoots that wilt or die suddenly should be removed as soon as they appear. Nursery trees should be examined carefully for symptoms of the disease at planting and again the following spring. Trees with cankers should be discarded (Creemers, 2017).
[In responses to the questionnaire, NL commented that the pest is 'airborne and widespread in nature'.]
The fruit SEWG considered that the pest was widespread in/around orchards and that plants for planting should not be considered as a significant pathway compared to natural spread.