| Legend |
|---|
| Justification for qualification based on EPPO PM 4 Standards |
| Justification for disqualification |
| Additional or non-conclusive information |
| Standard text |
NAME OF THE ORGANISM: Olive yellow mottling and decline associated virus (OYMDAV)
GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE PEST
Name as submitted in the project specification (if different):
Olive yellow mottling and decline associated virus (Leaf yellowing
complex disease 3)
complex disease 3)
Pest category:
Viruses and viroids
1- Identity of the pest/Level of taxonomic listing:
Is the organism clearly a single taxonomic entity and can it be adequately distinguished from other entities of the same rank?
Yes
Is the pest defined at the species level or lower?:
Yes
Can listing of the pest at a taxonomic level higher than species be supported by scientific reasons or can species be identified within the taxonomic rank which are the (main) pests of concern?
- Not relevant: Fruits (including hops) sector
If necessary, please list the species:
-
Is it justified that the pest is listed at a taxonomic rank below species level?
Not relevant
Conclusion:
- Candidate: Fruits (including hops) sector
Justification (if necessary):
OYMDaV has not been assigned yet to a family and was recorded from the local olive cv. ‘Nostrana’ in Sicily (Southern Italy) (Savino et al., 1996). Martelli (2013) lists the virus as mechanical and graft transmissible. OYMDaV is not listed on ICTV, no sequence available. Detection and identification using molecular methods are not known to be available for OYMDaV and OVYaV.
2 – Status in the EU:
Is this pest already a quarantine pest for the whole EU?
No
Presence in the EU:
Yes
List of countries (EPPO Global Database):
-
Conclusion:
Candidate
Justification (if necessary):
Presence of OYMDaV in olive trees is very rare (Albanese et al., 2012). OYMDaV has only been reported in Italy.
HOST PLANT N°1: Olea europaea (OLVEU) for the Fruits (including hops) sector.
Origin of the listing:
Commission Implementing Directive (EU) 2014/98/EU and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072
Plants for planting:
Plants intended for planting
3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?
No
Conclusion:
Evaluation continues
Justification (if necessary):
Remark: Olive vein yellowing associated virus (OVYaV), Olive yellow mottling and decline associated virus (OYMDaV) and Olive leaf yellowing
associated closterovirus (OLYaV) are mentioned in EPPO Standard PM 4/17 certification for olive trees and rootstocks as associated with leaf-yellowing complex disease. The Standard indicates that OLYaV is most often asymptomatic and that the presence of OVYaV as well as OYMDaV in olive is very scarce. When performing a full assessment of the RNQP status of these viruses in 2021/2022, olive certification experts considered that these yellowing viruses do not cause any unacceptable economic impact in olive. General measures in the certification scheme on the absence of symptoms were considered sufficient.
associated closterovirus (OLYaV) are mentioned in EPPO Standard PM 4/17 certification for olive trees and rootstocks as associated with leaf-yellowing complex disease. The Standard indicates that OLYaV is most often asymptomatic and that the presence of OVYaV as well as OYMDaV in olive is very scarce. When performing a full assessment of the RNQP status of these viruses in 2021/2022, olive certification experts considered that these yellowing viruses do not cause any unacceptable economic impact in olive. General measures in the certification scheme on the absence of symptoms were considered sufficient.
4 - Are the listed plants for planting the main* pathway for the "pest/host/intended use" combination? (*: significant compared to others):
Yes
Conclusion:
Candidate
Justification:
There is no data about graft transmission for OYMDaV (Caglayan et al., 2011). However, it is considered that most plant viruses are graft transmissible. This is all the more true for olive viruses because olive plants are most often produced using hardwood cuttings and can be grafted.
Considering the remaining uncertainties on vector transmission, experts considered that plants for planting should be considered as a significant pathway compared to others.
Considering the remaining uncertainties on vector transmission, experts considered that plants for planting should be considered as a significant pathway compared to others.
5 - Economic impact:
Are there documented reports of any economic impact on the host?
Yes
Justification:
The olive leaf yellowing (OLY) disease was first recorded in Italy on cv. ‘Biancolilla’ (Savino et al., 1996) and is characterized by a bright leaf yellow discoloration (Albanese et al., 2012).
The OLY syndrome, consisting of poor fruit set, bright yellow discoloration of the foliage, mottling, necrosis, extensive defoliation and dieback, has been associated also to OVYaV (Faggioli & Barba, 1995) and OYMDaV (Savino et al., 1996), but their presence on olive trees was very scarce (Albanese et al., 2012). More limited information is available on these two additional yellowing viruses than for OLYaV.
The OLY syndrome, consisting of poor fruit set, bright yellow discoloration of the foliage, mottling, necrosis, extensive defoliation and dieback, has been associated also to OVYaV (Faggioli & Barba, 1995) and OYMDaV (Savino et al., 1996), but their presence on olive trees was very scarce (Albanese et al., 2012). More limited information is available on these two additional yellowing viruses than for OLYaV.
What is the likely economic impact of the pest irrespective of its infestation source in the absence of phytosanitary measures? (= official measures)
Minimal to Minor
Is the economic impact due to the presence of the pest on the named host plant for planting, acceptable to the propagation and end user sectors concerned?
Yes
Is there unacceptable economic impact caused to other hosts (or the same host with a different intended use) produced at the same place of production due to the transfer of the pest from the named host plant for planting?
No
Conclusion:
Not candidate
Justification:
Considering that there are few OLYaV-infected plants showing symptoms of yellowing, that the association of OLYaV with the OLY disease has not been clearly demonstrated (Albanese et al., 2012), and considering the additional symptoms and potential economic impact caused by OVYaV and OYMDaV but the very scarce reports on olive trees, experts assessed the potential economic impact of these three yellowing viruses altogether as Minimal to Minor.
6 - Are there feasible and effective measures available to prevent the presence of the pest on the plants for planting at an incidence above a certain threshold (including zero) to avoid an unacceptable economic impact as regards the relevant host plants?
Conclusion:
Not evaluated
Justification:
7- Is the quality of the data sufficient to recommend the pest to be listed as a RNQP?
No
Conclusion:
Justification:
Data quality on e.g. potential vector transmission and symptomatology is not sufficient.
CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:
Disqualified: economic impact is considered acceptable.
8 - Tolerance level:
Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:
Yes
Proposed Tolerance levels:
Delisting
9 - Risk management measures:
Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:
Yes
Proposed Risk management measure:
Delisting
REFERENCES:
- Albanese G, Saponari M & Faggioli F (2012) Olive Germplasm – The Olive Cultivation, Table Olive and Olive Oil Industry in Italy. Chapter 6. Phytosanitary certification. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51722
- Çağlayan K, Faggioli F & Barba M (2011) Viruses, phytoplasmas and diseases of unknown etiology of olive trees. In book Virus and virus-like diseases of pome and stone fruits. Chapter: 53. Publisher: The American Phytopatological Society. Editors: A. Hadidi, M. Barba, T. Candresse, W. Jelkmann
- Cutuli M, Bianco R Io, Marra FP & Caruso T (2017) Growth and physiological responses of young olive trees affected by Olive leaf yellowing associated virus. International Symposium on Physiological Principles and Their Application to Fruit Production, Geneva, New York, USA. Acta Horticulturae 1177, 165–168.
- Faggioli F & Barba M (1995) An elongated virus isolated from olive, Acta Horticulturae 386, 593–600.
- Fontana A, Piscopo A, De Bruno A, Tiberini A, Muzzalupo I & Albanese G (2019) Impact of Olive leaf yellowing associated virus on olive (Olea europaea L.) oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 1800472. doi:10.1002/ejlt.201800472
- Martelli GP, Saponari M, Bottalico G & Savino G (2013) I virus e le virosi dell'olivo. Protezione delle Colture 3, 22–29.
- Ribaldi M (1959) Preliminary observations on an infectious yellows of olive (Olea europaea var. sativa). Notiziario sulle Malattie delle Piante 47-48, 178–181.
- Roschetti A, Ferretti L, Muzzalupo I, Pellegrini F, Albanese G & Faggioli F (2009) Evaluation of the possible effect of virus infections on olive propagation. Petria 19, 18–28.
- Ruiz-García AB, Candresse T, Canales C, Morán F, de Oliveira CM, Bertolini E & Olmos A (2020) Molecular Characterization of the Complete Coding Sequence of Olive Leaf Yellowing-Associated Virus. Plants 9, 1272. doi:10.3390/plants9101272
- Sabanadzovic S, Abou-Ghanem N, La Notte P, Savino V, Scarito G & Martelli GP (1999) Partial molecular characterization and RT-PCR detection of a putative closterovirus associated with olive leaf yellowing. Journal of Plant Pathology 81, 37–45.
- Savino V, Sabanadzovic S, Scarito G, Laviola C & Martelli GP (1996) Due giallumi dell'olivo di possibile origine virale in Sicilia [Two yellows disorders of olive of possible viral origin in Sicily.]. Informatore Fitopatologico 46, 55–59.