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Justification for qualification based on EPPO PM 4 Standards
Justification for disqualification
Additional or non-conclusive information
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NAME OF THE ORGANISM: Neofabraea vagabunda {Neofabraea alba} (PEZIAL)

GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE PEST

Name as submitted in the project specification (if different):

Neofabraea alba (Pezicula alba)

Pest category:

Fungi

1- Identity of the pest/Level of taxonomic listing:

Is the organism clearly a single taxonomic entity and can it be adequately distinguished from other entities of the same rank?

Yes

Is the pest defined at the species level or lower?:

Yes

Can listing of the pest at a taxonomic level higher than species be supported by scientific reasons or can species be identified within the taxonomic rank which are the (main) pests of concern?

Not relevant: Fruits (including hops) sector

If necessary, please list the species:

Is it justified that the pest is listed at a taxonomic rank below species level?

Not relevant

Conclusion:

Candidate: Fruits (including hops) sector

Justification (if necessary):

2 – Status in the EU:

Is this pest already a quarantine pest for the whole EU?

Presence in the EU:

Yes

List of countries (EPPO Global Database):

Conclusion:

Candidate

Justification (if necessary):

Neofabraea vagabunda had been reported amongst others in: France (Giraud et al., 2019), Germany (Weber & Parm, 2010), Italy (Cameldi et al., 2017), Netherlands (Köhl et al., 2018), Poland (Michalecka et al., 2016) and Spain (Romero et al., 2016).

HOST PLANT N°1: Juglans regia (IUGRE) for the Fruits (including hops) sector.

Origin of the listing:

New proposal

Plants for planting:

Plants intended for planting

3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?

Conclusion:

Evaluation continues

4 - Are the listed plants for planting the main* pathway for the "pest/host/intended use" combination? (*: significant compared to others):

Conclusion:

Not candidate

Justification:

No report on infection of Neofabraea vagabunda on Juglans could be found in the literature.
[Remark: in responses to the questionnaire, SI considered that Juglans regia was not a host plant]

5 - Economic impact:

Are there documented reports of any economic impact on the host?

Yes

Justification:

No report on infection of Neofabraea vagabunda on Juglans.

What is the likely economic impact of the pest irrespective of its infestation source in the absence of phytosanitary measures? (= official measures)

Is the economic impact due to the presence of the pest on the named host plant for planting, acceptable to the propagation and end user sectors concerned?

Is there unacceptable economic impact caused to other hosts (or the same host with a different intended use) produced at the same place of production due to the transfer of the pest from the named host plant for planting?

Conclusion:

Justification:

There is impact, but it cannot be described as unacceptable. There is barely a relation between the presence of the fungus on the plant, and damage later in storage.

6 - Are there feasible and effective measures available to prevent the presence of the pest on the plants for planting at an incidence above a certain threshold (including zero) to avoid an unacceptable economic impact as regards the relevant host plants?

Conclusion:

Justification:

7- Is the quality of the data sufficient to recommend the pest to be listed as a RNQP?

Conclusion:

Justification:

CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:

Disqualified: plants for planting are not considered to be a significant pathway and Juglans not reported as a host.

8 - Tolerance level:

Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:

No (new regulation proposal)

Proposed Tolerance levels:

No listing.

9 - Risk management measures:

Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:

Proposed Risk management measure:

No listing.

REFERENCES:

Cameldi I, Neri F, Menghini M, Pirondi A, Nanni IM, Collina M, Mari M (2017) Characterization of Neofabraea vagabunda isolates causing apple bull's eye rot in Italy (Emilia-Romagna region). Plant Pathology 66(9), 1432-1444. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12684.
Giraud M, Coureau C, Westercamp P & Perrin (2019) Epidemiology of Neofabraea vagabunda: State of the knowledge. V International Symposium on Post Harvest Pathology, Liège Belgium, 19-24 May, 2019.
Köhl J, Wenneker M, Groenenboom-de Haas BH, Anbergen R, Goossen-van de Geijn HM, Lombaers-van der Plas CH, Pinto FAMF & Kastelein P (2018) Dynamics of post-harvest pathogens Neofabraea spp. and Cadophora spp. in plant residues in Dutch apple and pear orchards. Plant Pathology 67, 1264-1277.
Michalecka M, Bryk H, Poniatowska A & Pulawska J (2016) Identification of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot of apple in Poland and their direct detection in apple fruit using multiplex PCR. Plant Pathology 65: 643-654.
Romero J, Raya MC, Roca LF, Moral J & Trapero A (2016) First report of Neofabraea vagabunda causing branch cankers on olives in Spain. Plant Disease 100, 527. (on olive)
Trouillas FP, Nouri MT, Lawrence DP, Moral J, Travadon R, Aegerter BJ & Lightle D (2019). Identification and characterization of Neofabraea kienholzii and Phlyctema vagabunda causing leaf and shoot lesions of olive in California. Plant disease 103(12), 3018-3030.
Weber RWS & Palm G (2010) Resistance of storage rot fungi Neofabraea perennans, N. alba, Glomerella acutata and Neonectria galligena against thiophanate-methyl in Northern German apple production [Resistenz der Lagerfäule-Erreger Neofabraea perennans, N. alba, Clomerella acutata und Neonectria galligena gegen Thiophanate-Methyl in der Apfelproduktion Norddeutschlands]. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 117(4): 185-191.