NAME OF THE ORGANISM: Strawberry crinkle virus (SCRV00)
GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE PEST
Name as submitted in the project specification (if different to the preferred name):
Pest category:
Viruses and viroids
1- Identity of the pest/Level of taxonomic listing:
Is the organism clearly a single taxonomic entity and can it be adequately distinguished from other entities of the same rank?
Yes
Is the pest defined at the species level or lower?:
Yes
Can listing of the pest at a taxonomic level higher than species be supported by scientific reasons or can species be identified within the taxonomic rank which are the (main) pests of concern?
- Not relevant: Fruits (including hops) sector, Ornamental sector
Is it justified that the pest is listed at a taxonomic rank below species level?
Not relevant
Conclusion:
- Candidate: Fruits (including hops) sector, Ornamental sector
2 – Status in the EU:
Is this pest already a quarantine pest for the whole EU?
No
Presence in the EU:
Yes
List of countries (EPPO Global Database):
Belgium (2015); Bulgaria (1994); Czech Republic (1994); France (1992); Germany (1993); Italy (1993); Netherlands (2015); Poland (1992); Slovakia (2004); United Kingdom (1993); United Kingdom/England (1993); United Kingdom/Scotland (1993)
Conclusion:
candidate
Justification (if necessary):
Data of the presence of this pest on the EU territory are available in EPPO Global Database (https://gd.eppo.int/).
HOST PLANT N°1: Fragaria (1FRAG) for the Fruits (including hops) sector.
Origin of the listing:
IIA2AWG
Plants for planting:
Plants intended for planting, other than seeds
3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?
Yes
Conclusion:
Qualified
CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:
Recommended for listing as an RNQP - based on EPPO PM 4 Standard.
8 - Tolerance level:
Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:
No
Proposed Tolerance levels:
Zero tolerance based at least on visual examination for all categories of material, and on testing for Pre-basic and Basic material. A failure rate at 2%, for all viruses together, is proposed for the certified Fragaria material.
9 - Risk management measures:
Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:
Yes
Proposed Risk management measure:
Based on a visual examination carried out during the last growing season at an appropriate time for the expression of symptoms.
- Non-certified material (‘CAC’):
Plants showing virus symptoms at the site of production should be rogued out and destroyed immediately (or if symptoms are not clear, plants may be tested and need not be destroyed if found free).
- Pre-basic, Basic, Certified material, additional measures (in addition to non-certified) could include:
• Measures to control vectors;
• Testing of pre-basic;
• Testing of basic e.g. if aphids are found;
• Isolation.
- Non-certified material (‘CAC’):
Plants showing virus symptoms at the site of production should be rogued out and destroyed immediately (or if symptoms are not clear, plants may be tested and need not be destroyed if found free).
- Pre-basic, Basic, Certified material, additional measures (in addition to non-certified) could include:
• Measures to control vectors;
• Testing of pre-basic;
• Testing of basic e.g. if aphids are found;
• Isolation.
Justification (if necessary):
As it is currently the case in the EU for Strawberry vein banding virus, the coreHEWGplus discussed the need for introducing testing of non-certified mother plants for Strawberry crinckle virus and Strawberry mild yellow edge virus. Indeed requirements on non-certified material are important in relation to import (most EU material is certified) and the traded material is often asymptomatic.
REFERENCES:
- EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) (2014) Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Strawberry crinkle virus to the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options. EFSA Journal 2014;12(4):3630, 46 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3630 http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/3630.pdf;
- EU COM (2016) Recommendation of the Working Group on the Annexes of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC – Section II – Listing of Harmful Organisms as regards the future listing of Strawberry crinkle virus;
HOST PLANT N°2: Fragaria (1FRAG) for the Ornamental sector.
Origin of the listing:
IIA2AWG
Plants for planting:
Plants intended for planting, other than seeds
3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?
Yes
Conclusion:
Evaluation continues
Justification (if necessary):
Fragaria x ananassa is covered by EPPO PM 4/11 Standard. There are various varieties of ornamental strawberry grown, of different species such as F. chiloensis or F. vesca, with different flower colours or foliage. Fragaria chiloensis, F. vesca and F. x ananassa (cultivated strawberry) are all minor hosts according to the EPPO Global Database. Ornamental strawberry may be propagated vegetatively (e.g. cv. Lipstick) or by seed (alpine strawberry F. vesca).
4 - Are the listed plants for planting the main* pathway for the "pest/host/intended use" combination? (*: significant compared to others):
Yes
Conclusion:
Candidate
Justification:
No references could be found to the susceptibility or resistance of ornamental strawberry to infestation by Strawberry crinkle virus, as compared to the variation in normal strawberry cultivars, however some clones of F. vesca are used as indicator plants due to their sensitivity. Therefore it is concluded they would react to the pest in a similar way.
It is concluded plants for planting are a pathway, and can be considered a significant pathway compared to others.
It is concluded plants for planting are a pathway, and can be considered a significant pathway compared to others.
5 - Economic impact:
Are there documented reports of any economic impact on the host?
No
Justification:
No specific documented references could be found for impacts on ornamental strawberry.
What is the likely economic impact of the pest irrespective of its infestation source in the absence of phytosanitary measures? (= official measures)
Is the economic impact due to the presence of the pest on the named host plant for planting, acceptable to the propagation and end user sectors concerned?
Is there unacceptable economic impact caused to other hosts (or the same host with a different intended use) produced at the same place of production due to the transfer of the pest from the named host plant for planting?
Conclusion:
Not candidate
Justification:
There are no data available on the economic impact on ornamental strawberry. Experts considered that ornamental Fragaria is a very minor use. Therefore they concluded that the ‘substantially free from’ requirement is sufficient to prevent indirect unacceptable economic impacts.
CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:
Disqualified: no data of economic impact on ornamentals. Experts considered that ornamental Fragaria is a very minor use. Therefore they concluded that the ‘substantially free from’ requirement is sufficient to prevent indirect unacceptable economic impacts.
8 - Tolerance level:
Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:
Yes
Proposed Tolerance levels:
Delisting.
9 - Risk management measures:
Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:
Yes
Proposed Risk management measure:
Delisting.
REFERENCES:
- EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) (2014) Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Strawberry crinkle virus to the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options. EFSA Journal 2014;12(4):3630, 46 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3630 http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/3630.pdf;
- EPPO (2008) Certification scheme for strawberry. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 38, 430–437;
- EU COM (2016) Recommendation of the Working Group on the Annexes of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC – Section II – Listing of Harmful Organisms as regards the future listing of Strawberry crinkle virus;