EPPO RNQP

NAME OF THE ORGANISM: Liriomyza huidobrensis (LIRIHU)

GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE PEST

Name as submitted in the project specification (if different to the preferred name):

Pest category:

Insecta

1- Identity of the pest/Level of taxonomic listing:

Is the organism clearly a single taxonomic entity and can it be adequately distinguished from other entities of the same rank?

Yes

Is the pest defined at the species level or lower?:

Yes

Can listing of the pest at a taxonomic level higher than species be supported by scientific reasons or can species be identified within the taxonomic rank which are the (main) pests of concern?

Not relevant: Fruits (including hops) sector, Ornamental sector, Vegetable propagating and planting material (other than seeds) sector

Is it justified that the pest is listed at a taxonomic rank below species level?

Not relevant

Conclusion:

Candidate: Fruits (including hops) sector, Ornamental sector, Vegetable propagating and planting material (other than seeds) sector

Justification (if necessary):

According to the IIA2 AWG (EU COM, 2016) current regulated host plants should be updated to include additional susceptible commodities (A further look may be given to a list of host species published in 2007 by the Annexes Working Group).
- For the Fruit sector: the only herbaceous species considered is Fragaria.
- For the vegetable sector, the analysis of the RNQP status is proposed for all herbaceous species together.
- For the ornamental sector, experts proposed to only regulate the pest on the following major ornamental host plant species: Gypsophila, Chrysanthemum, Aster, Gerbera, Dahlia, Senecio, Zinnia, Iris stolonifera, Brassica, Dianthus, Petunia, Verbena, Eustoma, Solidago, Hedera and Gloxinia.

2 – Status in the EU:

Is this pest already a quarantine pest for the whole EU?

Presence in the EU:

Yes

List of countries (EPPO Global Database):

Austria (1992); Bulgaria (2002); Croatia (1999); Cyprus (1995); Czech Republic (1995); Finland (2012); France (1998); Germany (1998); Greece (2008); Greece/Kriti (2008); Hungary (2001); Italy (1994); Italy/Sicilia (1995); Malta (1995); Netherlands (2015); Poland (2002); Portugal (2008); Portugal/Madeira (2008); Spain (2011); Spain/Islas Canárias (2011)

Conclusion:

candidate

Justification (if necessary):

Data of the presence of this pest on the EU territory are available in EPPO Global Database (https://gd.eppo.int/).

HOST PLANT N°1: Fragaria (herbaceous species) () for the Fruits (including hops) sector.

Origin of the listing:

IIA2AWG

Plants for planting:

Plants intended for planting other than: — bulbs, — corms, — plants of the family Gramineae, — rhizomes, — seeds, — tubers,

3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?

Conclusion:

Evaluation continues

4 - Are the listed plants for planting the main* pathway for the "pest/host/intended use" combination? (*: significant compared to others):

Conclusion:

Not candidate

Justification:

There are no reports showing that L. huidobrensis and/or L. trifolii can cause damage/infestations in Fragaria crops. There is no indication that these pests are able to cause economic damage to strawberry crops. Consequently Fragaria plants for planting are not considered to be a significant pathway.

CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:

Disqualified: In absence of infestation reports of Fragaria plants, this host is not considered to be a significant pathway.

8 - Tolerance level:

Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:

Yes

Proposed Tolerance levels:

Delisting.

9 - Risk management measures:

Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:

Yes

Proposed Risk management measure:

Delisting.

REFERENCES:

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) (2012) Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) to the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options. EFSA Journal 2012;10(12):3028. [190 pp.] doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.3028. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/3028.pdf;
EU COM (2016) Recommendation of the Working Group on the Annexes of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC – Section II – Listing of Harmful Organisms as regards the future listing of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Branchard) and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess);

HOST PLANT N°2: herbaceous species () for the Ornamental sector.

Origin of the listing:

IIA2AWG

Plants for planting:

Plants intended for planting other than: — bulbs, — corms, — plants of the family Gramineae, — rhizomes, — seeds, — tubers,

3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?

Conclusion:

Evaluation continues

4 - Are the listed plants for planting the main* pathway for the "pest/host/intended use" combination? (*: significant compared to others):

Conclusion:

Not candidate

Justification:

Liriomyza spp. are easily transported with plant material. Plants for planting (mostly from ornamental plants) were implicated in providing the entry pathway for the first findings of L. trifolii in the following 6 EU Member States - the Netherlands (chrysanthemum cuttings originating from Florida; United Kingdom (chrysanthemum cuttings from cuttings from Kenya and Malta); Hungary (gerbera plants for planting); Bulgaria (gerbera plants for planting from Hungary); Czech Republic (ornamental plants for planting imported from the Netherlands), Finland (Dendranthema cuttings from Tenerife, Canary Islands) (EFSA, 2012).
Liriomyza spp. are also regularly associated with cut flowers, branches with foliage and leafy vegetables for consumption (EFSA, 2012; Europhyt, 1994 -2012 on Liriomyza, Liriomyza sp., L. huidobrensis). Outdoor populations are widespread in the Mediterranean area. There is little information on the natural dispersal of Liriomyza. L. huidobrensis is a larger and stronger flyer than L. trifolii but all Liriomyza adults are capable of only limited flight. The two species are therefore expected to fly only from a greenhouse to the nearest field or other greenhouse and vice versa (EFSA PLH, 2012).
In conclusion plants for planting are a pathway, but it is suggested not a significant pathway for Mediterranean countries due to their polyphagy, the frequent occurrence of alternate vegetable and ornamental hosts and suitable environmental conditions, and their capacity for flight. Experts considered that the 'substantially free from' requirement should suffice.

CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:

Disqualified: general requirement for substantial freedom should be sufficient for all ornamental hosts, given that symptoms are usually visible on young plants, and in line with the decisions taken in the vegetable sector where impacts are potentially greater because of limited control options. Plants for planting are not (any longer) the main pathway.

8 - Tolerance level:

Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:

Yes

Proposed Tolerance levels:

Delisting.

9 - Risk management measures:

Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:

Yes

Proposed Risk management measure:

Delisting.

REFERENCES:

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) (2012) Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) to the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options. EFSA Journal 2012;10(12):3028. [190 pp.] doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.3028. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/3028.pdf;
EU COM (2016) Recommendation of the Working Group on the Annexes of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC – Section II – Listing of Harmful Organisms as regards the future listing of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Branchard) and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess);

HOST PLANT N°3: herbaceous species () for the Vegetable propagating and planting material (other than seeds) sector.

Origin of the listing:

IIA2AWG

Plants for planting:

Plants intended for planting other than: — bulbs, — corms, — plants of the family Gramineae, — rhizomes, — seeds, — tubers,

3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?

Conclusion:

Evaluation continues

4 - Are the listed plants for planting the main* pathway for the "pest/host/intended use" combination? (*: significant compared to others):

Conclusion:

Not candidate

Justification:

The pests are easily transported with plant material. Long distance infestation may also occur via cut flowers and leafy vegetables. Outdoor populations are widespread in the Mediterranean area. There is little information on the natural dispersal of Liriomyza. L. huidobrensis is a larger and stronger flyer than L. trifolii but all Liriomyza adults are capable of only limited flight. The two species are therefore expected to fly only from a greenhouse to the nearest field or other greenhouse and vice versa (EFSA PLH, 2012). The vegetable SEWG concluded that the pest does not qualify for RNQP status because of the importance of other pathways (including local spread from established populations).

CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:

Disqualified: this pest/host combination does not qualify for RNQP status because of the importance of other pathways (including local spread from established populations). Propagating material should be “substantially free” (i.e. no tolerance of symptoms on the marketed plants).

8 - Tolerance level:

Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:

Yes

Proposed Tolerance levels:

Delisting.

9 - Risk management measures:

Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:

Yes

Proposed Risk management measure:

Delisting.

REFERENCES:

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) (2012) Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) to the EU territory with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options. EFSA Journal 2012;10(12):3028. [190 pp.] doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.3028. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/3028.pdf;
EU COM (2016) Recommendation of the Working Group on the Annexes of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC – Section II – Listing of Harmful Organisms as regards the future listing of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Branchard) and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess);