NAME OF THE ORGANISM: Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (Impatiens necrotic spot virus) INSV00

GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE PEST

Name as submitted in the project specification (if different):

Pest category:

Viruses and viroids

1- Identity of the pest/Level of taxonomic listing:

Is the organism clearly a single taxonomic entity and can it be adequately distinguished from other entities of the same rank?

Yes

Is the pest defined at the species level or lower?:

Yes

Can listing of the pest at a taxonomic level higher than species be supported by scientific reasons or can species be identified within the taxonomic rank which are the (main) pests of concern?

Not relevant: Ornamental sector

If necessary, please list the species:

Is it justified that the pest is listed at a taxonomic rank below species level?

Not relevant

Conclusion:

Candidate: Ornamental sector

Justification (if necessary):

Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (INSV) is a single taxonomic entity (genus Tospovirus: family Bunyaviridae). In 2015 it was proposed to change the name of the virus from Impatiens necrotic spot virus to Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (ICTV, 2015; Van Regenmortel et al., 2015). It has been ratified in 2016 for all the family of the Bunyaviridae.

2 – Status in the EU:

Is this pest already a quarantine pest for the whole EU?

Presence in the EU:

Yes

List of countries (EPPO Global Database):

Belgium (2014); Bulgaria (2011); Czech Republic (2011); Finland (2013); France (2011); Germany (2011); Hungary (2007); Italy (1999); Italy/Sicilia (1998); Netherlands (2015); Poland (1997); Portugal (2011); Slovenia (2011); Spain (2011); United Kingdom (2011); United Kingdom/England (1998)

Conclusion:

candidate

Justification (if necessary):

Data of the presence of this pest on the EU territory are available in EPPO Global Database (https://gd.eppo.int/).

HOST PLANT N°1: Impatiens New Guinea hybrids (IPANG) for the Ornamental sector.

Origin of the listing:

Ornamental SEWG

Plants for planting:

Plants intended for planting, other than seeds

3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?

Yes

Conclusion:

Qualified

Justification (if necessary):

The pest is listed in EPPO PM 4/20 Standard for New Guinea hybrids of impatiens.

4 - Are the listed plants for planting the main* pathway for the "pest/host/intended use" combination? (*: significant compared to others):

Conclusion:

Justification:

INSV also has a broad host range of more than 300 species, mostly ornamentals. INSV has caused significant crop losses for growers of major flower crops, including Impatiens spp. and Impatiens New Guinea hybrids (Daughtrey et al., 1997; Elliott et al., 2009; Verhoeven & Roenhorst, 1998). Approximately 80 % of of greenhouse ornamentals tospovirus problems in USA have been identified as INSV; and less than 20% for TSWV (Daughtrey et al., 1997). Symptoms of tospoviruses vary significantly depending on local or systemic infections, on the host species, its development stage, the virus strain, and environmental (growth) factors (EFSA, 2012).

5 - Economic impact:

Are there documented reports of any economic impact on the host?

Yes

Justification:

The most common symptom of INSV infection on impatiens is dark purple ring spots, black rings and line patterns and systemic chlorotic to necrotic spots on the leaves. Dark streaks on the stems or leaves may also occur. Yellowing of the foliage and development of “strap-like” leaves often accompany ring spotting and streaking (Daughtrey et al., 1997).

What is the likely economic impact of the pest irrespective of its infestation source in the absence of phytosanitary measures? (= official measures)

Is the economic impact due to the presence of the pest on the named host plant for planting, acceptable to the propagation and end user sectors concerned?

Is there unacceptable economic impact caused to other hosts (or the same host with a different intended use) produced at the same place of production due to the transfer of the pest from the named host plant for planting?

Conclusion:

Justification:

6 - Are there feasible and effective measures available to prevent the presence of the pest on the plants for planting at an incidence above a certain threshold (including zero) to avoid an unacceptable economic impact as regards the relevant host plants?

Conclusion:

Justification:

7- Is the quality of the data sufficient to recommend the pest to be listed as a RNQP?

Conclusion:

Justification:

CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:

Recommended for listing as an RNQP, based on EPPO PM 4/20 Standard.

8 - Tolerance level:

Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:

Yes

Proposed Tolerance levels:

Zero tolerance approach, based on visual examination and/or testing.

9 - Risk management measures:

Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:

Yes

Proposed Risk management measure:

(A) The site of production has been subjected to a monitoring regime and appropriate treatments to ensure effective suppression of populations of relevant thrips vectors (Frankliniella occidentalis);
AND
(B) (a) No symptoms of Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus have been observed on plants at the site of production during the current growing period;
or
(b) Any plants at the production site showing symptoms of Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus during the current growing period have been rogued out and a representative sample of the plants to be marketed has been tested and found free from Impatiens necrotic spot virus.

Justification (if necessary):

Experts considered that visual examination on the marketed material was not sufficient.

REFERENCES:

Daughtrey ML, Jones RK, Moyer JW, Daub ME & Baker JR (1997) Tospoviruses strike the greenhouse industry—INSV has become a major pathogen on flower crops. Plant Disease 81, 1220–1230;
EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) (2012) Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation of the tospoviruses. EFSA Journal 10, 2772. 4264 pp.;
Elliott DR, Lebas BSM, Ochoa-Corona FM, Tang J & Alexander BJR (2009) Investigation of Impatiens necrotic spot virus outbreaks in New Zealand. Australasian Plant Pathology 38, 490–495;
Hausbeck MK, Welliver RA, Derr MA & Gildow FE (1992) Tomato spotted wilt survey among greenhouse ornamentals in Pennsylvania. Plant Disease 76, 795–800;
Lebas BSM, Ochoa-Corona FM, 2007. Impatiens necrotic spot virus. In: Characterization, diagnosis and management of plant viruses. v 4, Grain crops & Ornamentals, Eds:RaoGP, Bragard C and Lebas BSM.Studium Press, LLC Texas, USA, 221-243;
ICTV 2015: Implementation of non-Latinized binomial species names in the family Bunyaviridae;
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) (2015) Implementation of non-Latinized binomial species names in the family Bunyaviridae.
Van Regenmortel MH, Burke DS, Calisher CH, Dietzgen RG, Fauquet CM, Ghabrial SA, Jahrling PB, Johnson KM, Holbrook MR, Horzinek MC, Keil GM, Kuhn JH,
Verhoeven TJ & Roenhorst JW (1998) Occurrence of tospoviruses in the Netherlands. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Tospoviruses and thrips in Floral and Vegetable Crops, Wageningen, Netherlands. 77-80;