NAME OF THE ORGANISM: Xanthomonas fragariae (XANTFR)
GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE PEST
Name as submitted in the project specification (if different to the preferred name):
Pest category:
Bacteria
1- Identity of the pest/Level of taxonomic listing:
Is the organism clearly a single taxonomic entity and can it be adequately distinguished from other entities of the same rank?
Yes
Is the pest defined at the species level or lower?:
Yes
Can listing of the pest at a taxonomic level higher than species be supported by scientific reasons or can species be identified within the taxonomic rank which are the (main) pests of concern?
- Not relevant: Ornamental sector
Is it justified that the pest is listed at a taxonomic rank below species level?
Not relevant
Conclusion:
- Candidate: Ornamental sector
2 – Status in the EU:
Is this pest already a quarantine pest for the whole EU?
No
Presence in the EU:
Yes
List of countries (EPPO Global Database):
Austria (2013); Belgium (2013); Bulgaria (2013); Finland (2011); France (2013); Germany (2013); Italy (2013); Italy/Sicilia (2000); Netherlands (2015); Portugal (2013); Slovenia (2013); Spain (2013)
Conclusion:
candidate
Justification (if necessary):
Data of the presence of this pest on the EU territory are available in EPPO Global Database (https://gd.eppo.int/).
HOST PLANT N°1: Fragaria (1FRAG) for the Ornamental sector.
Origin of the listing:
IIA2AWG
Plants for planting:
Plants intended for planting, other than seeds
3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?
Yes
Conclusion:
Evaluation continues
Justification (if necessary):
Fragaria is covered by EPPO PM 4/11 Standard. F. vesca is a minor host and F. x ananassa (cultivated strawberry) a major host according to the EPPO Global Database. It has been detected in Fragaria chiloensis in the field. Ornamental Fragaria may be propagated vegetatively (e.g. cv. Lipstick) or by seed (alpine strawberry F. vesca).
4 - Are the listed plants for planting the main* pathway for the "pest/host/intended use" combination? (*: significant compared to others):
Yes
Conclusion:
Candidate
Justification:
No references could be found to the susceptibility or resistance of ornamental strawberry to infestation by X. fragariae, as compared to the variation in normal strawberry cultivars, so it is concluded these species would react to the pest in a similar way to commercial cultivars. The pathogen can survive in plant debris in soil for at least 5.5 months in the Netherlands, but transfer to subsequent crops appears not very likely in mild winters or periods favouring debris decomposition (EFSA 2013).
It is concluded plants for planting are a pathway, and can be considered a significant pathway compared to others.
It is concluded plants for planting are a pathway, and can be considered a significant pathway compared to others.
5 - Economic impact:
Are there documented reports of any economic impact on the host?
No
Justification:
No specific documented references could be found for impacts on ornamental strawberry.
What is the likely economic impact of the pest irrespective of its infestation source in the absence of phytosanitary measures? (= official measures)
Is the economic impact due to the presence of the pest on the named host plant for planting, acceptable to the propagation and end user sectors concerned?
Yes
Is there unacceptable economic impact caused to other hosts (or the same host with a different intended use) produced at the same place of production due to the transfer of the pest from the named host plant for planting?
No
Conclusion:
Not candidate
Justification:
There are no data available on the economic impact on ornamental strawberry. Experts considered that ornamental Fragaria is a very minor use. Therefore they concluded that the ‘substantially free from’ requirement is sufficient to prevent indirect unacceptable economic impacts.
CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:
Disqualified: no data of economic impact on ornamentals. Experts considered that ornamental Fragaria is a very minor use. Therefore they concluded that the ‘substantially free from’ requirement is sufficient to prevent indirect unacceptable economic impacts.
8 - Tolerance level:
Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:
Yes
Proposed Tolerance levels:
Delisting.
9 - Risk management measures:
Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:
Yes
Proposed Risk management measure:
Delisting.
REFERENCES:
- EPPO (2008) Certification scheme for strawberry. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 38, 430–437;
- EU COM (2014) Recommendation of the Working Group on the Annexes of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC – Section II – Listing of Harmful Organisms as regards the future listing of of Xanthomonas fragariae;
- Van der Gaag DJ, Bergsma-Vlami M, Van Vaerenbergh J, Vandroemme J & Maes M (2013) Pest risk analysis for Xanthomonas fragariae. Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, the Netherlands - Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Merelbeke, Belgium - available at https://www.nvwa.nl/txmpub/files/?p_file_id=2203331;