Legend
Justification for qualification based on EPPO PM 4 Standards
Justification for disqualification
Additional or non-conclusive information
Standard text

back...

NAME OF THE ORGANISM: Raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV00)

GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE PEST

Name as submitted in the project specification (if different):

Pest category:

Viruses and viroids

1- Identity of the pest/Level of taxonomic listing:

Is the organism clearly a single taxonomic entity and can it be adequately distinguished from other entities of the same rank?

Yes

Is the pest defined at the species level or lower?:

Yes

Can listing of the pest at a taxonomic level higher than species be supported by scientific reasons or can species be identified within the taxonomic rank which are the (main) pests of concern?

Not relevant: Fruits (including hops) sector

If necessary, please list the species:

Is it justified that the pest is listed at a taxonomic rank below species level?

Not relevant

Conclusion:

Not evaluated: Fruits (including hops) sector

Justification (if necessary):

2 – Status in the EU:

Is this pest already a quarantine pest for the whole EU?

Presence in the EU:

Yes

List of countries (EPPO Global Database):

Conclusion:

Candidate

Justification (if necessary):

RVCV has been reported in various countries in Europe and former USSR (https://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv/?dpvno=174).

HOST PLANT N°1: Rubus (1RUBG) for the Fruits (including hops) sector.

Origin of the listing:

Commission Implementing Directive (EU) 2014/98/EU and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072

Plants for planting:

Plants intended for planting

3 - Is the pest already listed in a PM4 standard on the concerned host plant?

Yes

Conclusion:

Evaluation continues

Justification (if necessary):

EPPO Standard PM 4-10 Certification scheme for Rubus recommends testing for 'Raspberry vein chlorosis virus'.
Although PL considered in responses to the questionnaire that plants for planting was not the main pathway, this was not supported by enough justification.
The Fruit SEWG recommended to further assess the relative importance of the pathways as well as the economic impact of this virus alone. Evaluation continues on these criteria.

4 - Are the listed plants for planting the main* pathway for the "pest/host/intended use" combination? (*: significant compared to others):

Yes

Conclusion:

Candidate

Justification:

RVCV is naturally spread by the small raspberry aphid (Aphis idaei). Although not proven for RVCV, rhabdoviruses are known to multiply in their insect vectors, ensuring that the insect remains infectious over a large part of its lifetime (Martin et al., 2013).
Based on symptoms typical to RVCV, it has been reported that RVCV may be common in wild raspberries. It is also present in genetic resources and cultivated raspberries e.g. in Finland (Rajamäki et al., 2019).
It is considered that natural (and usually symptomless) infestation of a healthy crop by aphids might occur quite easily, starting from the naturally infected vegetation surrounding a production plot.
The Fruit SEWG supported that plants for planting was only a significant pathways compared to natural spread when production occurs under protected conditions.

5 - Economic impact:

Are there documented reports of any economic impact on the host?

Yes

Justification:

Symptoms in red raspberry, when infection is not asymptomatic, include primarily chlorosis of the minor veins and leaf distortion and epinasty (downward bending of the leaves). Symptoms are generally more pronounced in field-grown plants than in glasshouse-grown plants. RVCV may affect plant vigour, but especially when in combination with other viruses, and might in that case produce thinner canes, earlier ripening, and reduced fruit weight. Host effects may include pollen abortion and delayed embryo sac development.
Grafting experiments revealed that black raspberry and blackberry were resistant to the virus.
(Martin et al., 2013; Rajamäki et al., 2019)

What is the likely economic impact of the pest irrespective of its infestation source in the absence of phytosanitary measures? (= official measures)

Minimal to minor

Is the economic impact due to the presence of the pest on the named host plant for planting, acceptable to the propagation and end user sectors concerned?

Yes

Is there unacceptable economic impact caused to other hosts (or the same host with a different intended use) produced at the same place of production due to the transfer of the pest from the named host plant for planting?

Conclusion:

Not candidate

Justification:

Since damage is generally observed in combined infection with other viruses, the Fruit SEWG concluded that economic impact should be considered as acceptable.

6 - Are there feasible and effective measures available to prevent the presence of the pest on the plants for planting at an incidence above a certain threshold (including zero) to avoid an unacceptable economic impact as regards the relevant host plants?

Conclusion:

Justification:

7- Is the quality of the data sufficient to recommend the pest to be listed as a RNQP?

Conclusion:

Justification:

CONCLUSION ON THE STATUS:

Disqualified: economic impact on its own considered acceptable (substantially free from requirement would suffice). Plants for planting is not considered to be a significant pathway compared to natural spread by aphids under outdoor conditions.

8 - Tolerance level:

Is there a need to change the Tolerance level:

Yes

Proposed Tolerance levels:

Delisting

9 - Risk management measures:

Is there a need to change the Risk management measure:

Yes

Proposed Risk management measure:

Delisting

REFERENCES:

Martin RR, MacFarlane S, Sabanadzovic S, Quito D, Poudel B & Tzanetaki IE (2013) Viruses and Virus Diseases of Rubus. Plant Disease 97(2), 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-12-0362-FE.
MacFarlane SA (2017) Raspberry Vein Chlorosis. In Compendium of raspberry and blackberry diseases and pest, 2nd edition (eds Martin RR, Ellis MA, Williamson B & Williams RN). American Phytopathological Society, St Paul MN, USA. page 87.
Rajamäki ML, Lemmetty A, Laamanen J, Roininen E, Vishwakarma A, Streng J, Latvala S & Valkonen J P (2019) Small-RNA analysis of pre-basic mother plants and conserved accessions of plant genetic resources for the presence of viruses. Plos one 14(8), e0220621.