NAME OF THE ORGANISM: Eriosoma lanigerum (ERISLA)

Not candidate

In Europe Eriosoma lanigerum (wooly apple aphid) is polyphagous on Rosaceae (Ellis, 2001-2024). Eriosoma lanigerum is found on apple (Malus spp.), on which it can be a severe pest, and occasionally on certain other woody host plants in the family Rosaceae. It may be found on species of Cotoneaster and Pyracantha, and more rarely on Cydonia, Crataegus, Pyrus and Sorbus (Blackman & Eastop, 2022; Jovičić, 2024). There is some discussion on host plant range: In the older literature it was assumed that this species also, or perhaps originally, occurs in North America and there passes a spring generation on elm (Ulmus americana). Currently this vision is considered uncertain. In most parts of Europe the species lives permanently on its secondary host Rosaceae (Ellis, 2001-2024).
The woolly apple aphid is widespread in its area of origin (eastern North America) and has spread to non-native areas, especially on apple rootstocks. It is now an important economic pest of apples worldwide (Jovičić, 2024).
In eastern United States, alate forms (winged forms) are important in spreading E. lanigerum over long distances. In other areas of the world, the importance of alate forms in spread of the aphid is limited (Jovičić, 2024). With the exception of eastern Northern America, the apple woolly aphid subsists year-round on apple. The aphids can overwinter on the aerial portions of the tree (especially pruning wounds and cracks), although winter mortality is usually quite high in severe winter climates. In milder climates, aerial survival may be an important source of the following year’s infestation. It also overwinters on root suckers and in colonies on the roots, where it is protected from the elements. The first-instar nymphs (crawlers) are the primary dispersal form outside of eastern North America, and they can migrate up the trunk from the root colonies to reinfest the aerial portions of the tree (Beers, 2017; Lordan et al., 2015). Crawlers are also the means of spreading the infestation in the canopy (Beers, 2017).
Wind dispersal has also been noted as a means of spreading the infestation in an orchard, as have crawlers moving over the soil surface to nearby trees (Beers, 2017).
[In the responses to the questionnaire, FR and NL considered that the pest is already very widespread especially in pome fruit production. NL added that the pest was airborne.]
The Fruit SEWG considered that Cydonia plants for planting was not a significant pathway.

Not candidate

In Europe Eriosoma lanigerum (wooly apple aphid) is polyphagous on Rosaceae (Ellis, 2001-2024). Eriosoma lanigerum is found on apple (Malus spp.), on which it can be a severe pest, and occasionally on certain other woody host plants in the family Rosaceae. It may be found on species of Cotoneaster and Pyracantha, and more rarely on Cydonia, Crataegus, Pyrus and Sorbus (Blackman & Eastop, 2022; Jovičić, 2024). There is some discussion on host plant range: In the older literature it was assumed that this species also, or perhaps originally, occurs in North America and there passes a spring generation on elm (Ulmus americana). Currently this vision is considered uncertain. In most parts of Europe the species lives permanently on its secondary host Rosaceae (Ellis, 2001-2024).
The woolly apple aphid is widespread in its area of origin (eastern North America) and has spread to non-native areas, especially on apple rootstocks. It is now an important economic pest of apples worldwide (Jovičić, 2024).
In eastern United States, alate forms (winged forms) are important in spreading E. lanigerum over long distances. In other areas of the world, the importance of alate forms in spread of the aphid is limited (Jovičić, 2024). With the exception of eastern Northern America, the apple woolly aphid subsists year-round on apple. The aphids can overwinter on the aerial portions of the tree (especially pruning wounds and cracks), although winter mortality is usually quite high in severe winter climates. In milder climates, aerial survival may be an important source of the following year’s infestation. It also overwinters on root suckers and in colonies on the roots, where it is protected from the elements. The first-instar nymphs (crawlers) are the primary dispersal form outside of eastern North America, and they can migrate up the trunk from the root colonies to reinfest the aerial portions of the tree (Beers, 2017; Lordan et al., 2015). Crawlers are also the means of spreading the infestation in the canopy (Beers, 2017).
Wind dispersal has also been noted as a means of spreading the infestation in an orchard, as have crawlers moving over the soil surface to nearby trees (Beers, 2017).
[In the responses to the questionnaire, FR and NL considered that the pest is already very widespread especially in pome fruit production. NL added that the pest was airborn.]
The Fruit SEWG considered that Malus plants for planting was generally not a significant pathway compared to natural spread, but wondered if it could be considered as such in areas with severe winter conditions (e.g. Norway) where winter mortality is usually quite high. It was expected that impact was lower in such areas.

Not candidate

In Europe Eriosoma lanigerum (wooly apple aphid) is polyphagous on Rosaceae (Ellis, 2001-2024). Eriosoma lanigerum is found on apple (Malus spp.), on which it can be a severe pest, and occasionally on certain other woody host plants in the family Rosaceae. It may be found on species of Cotoneaster and Pyracantha, and more rarely on Cydonia, Crataegus, Pyrus and Sorbus (Blackman & Eastop, 2022; Jovičić, 2024). There is some discussion on host plant range: In the older literature it was assumed that this species also, or perhaps originally, occurs in North America and there passes a spring generation on elm (Ulmus americana). Currently this vision is considered uncertain. In most parts of Europe the species lives permanently on its secondary host Rosaceae (Ellis, 2001-2024).
The woolly apple aphid is widespread in its area of origin (eastern North America) and has spread to non-native areas, especially on apple rootstocks. It is now an important economic pest of apples worldwide (Jovičić, 2024).
In eastern United States, alate forms (winged forms) are important in spreading E. lanigerum over long distances. In other areas of the world, the importance of alate forms in spread of the aphid is limited (Jovičić, 2024). With the exception of eastern Northern America, the apple woolly aphid subsists year-round on apple. The aphids can overwinter on the aerial portions of the tree (especially pruning wounds and cracks), although winter mortality is usually quite high in severe winter climates. In milder climates, aerial survival may be an important source of the following year’s infestation. It also overwinters on root suckers and in colonies on the roots, where it is protected from the elements. The first-instar nymphs (crawlers) are the primary dispersal form outside of eastern North America, and they can migrate up the trunk from the root colonies to reinfest the aerial portions of the tree (Beers, 2017; Lordan et al., 2015). Crawlers are also the means of spreading the infestation in the canopy (Beers, 2017).
Wind dispersal has also been noted as a means of spreading the infestation in an orchard, as have crawlers moving over the soil surface to nearby trees (Beers, 2017).
[In the responses to the questionnaire, FR and NL considered that the pest is already very widespread especially in pome fruit production. NL added that the pest was airborn.]
The Fruit SEWG considered that Pyrus plants for planting was not a significant pathway.